Energy

Energy Electron Carriers:

__** ATP (adenosine triphosphate): **__ ATP is a chemical compound that stores and releases energy. It is used in photosynthesis and cellular respiration. ATP consists of adenine, ribosomes, which is a 5-carbon sugar, and three phosphate groups. The three phosphate groups are extremely important. They are very important to the ATP's ability to store and release energy.

__** NADPH: **__ NADP+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) is a carrier molecule. NADP+ accepts and holds two high-energy electrons with a hydrogen ion (H+). Then NADP+ is converted because of the high- energy electrons and hydrogen ion into NADPH. This conversion is how some of the energy of sunlight can be trapped in chemical form. NADPH carries high-energy electrons produced by light abortion in chlorophyll to chemical reactions in other parts of the cell. The electrons are used to help build molecules that the cell needs, for example carbohydrates like glucose.

NADH: NADH is an energy carrier that is used only in cellular respiration. It holds the electrons until they can be transferred to other molecules

FADH2 is an energy carrier that is used only in cellular respiration. It is an electron carrier for the electron transport chain.
 * __ FADH2: __**

Parts of a leaf....


 * __ Thylakoids: __** Saclike photosynthetic membranes.

__** Photosystems: **__ Clusters of chlorophyll and other pigments that are organized by proteins in the thylakoid membrane.


 * __ Granum: __** A stack of thylakoid membranes.


 * __ Stroma: __** The region outside of the thylakoid membrane.

Inside a Chloroplast



Actual chloroplasts

The connection between photosynthesis and respiration.... Photosynthesis and cellular respiration equations are basically opposite of each other which means they both perform different actions. Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and cellular respiration uses that oxygen to release energy from food. Photosynthesis captures energy and cellular respiration releases energy. The energy capture in photosynthesis occurs only in plants,algae, and some bacteria. The energy that is released in cellular respiration takes place in all eukaryotes and some prokaryotes. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts and cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria. The reactants of photosynthesis are CO2 and H2O and the products are C6H12O6 and O2. The reactants of cellular respiration are C6H1206 and O2 and the products are CO2 and H2O. The equation for photosynthesis is 6CO2 + 6H20 --SUNLIGHT--> C6H12O6 + 6O2 and the equation for cellular respiration is 6O2 + C6H12O6 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP, as you can see they are basically opposites.

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