UNIT+6+-+MICROBIOLOGY


 * __Home Page __**


 * __Topic: Microbiology﻿ __**

//**Lyndsey Stevens, Jake Naar, and Jeff Kitchen **//

//**Homepage done by Lyndsey Stevens **//


 * __Objectives of the Chapter: __**
 * ﻿//Bacteria//
 * //Viruses //
 * //Infectious Diseases //

__**Terms to Know for Microbiology: **__ 

__**19-1 Bacteria **__
 * Bacillus -rod- shaped prokayote
 * Binary fission -type of asexual reproduction in which an organism replicates its DNA and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells
 * Chemoautotroph -organism that makes organic carbon molecules from carbon dioxide using energy from chemical reactions
 * Chemoheterotroph -organism that must take in organic molecules for both energy and carbon
 * Coccus -spherical prokaryote
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">Conjugation -form of sexual reproduction in which paramecia and some prokaryotes exchange genetic information
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">Endospore -type of spore formed when a bacterium produces a thick internal wall that encloses its DNA and a portion of its cytoplasm
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">Facultative anaerobe -organism that can survive with or without oxygen
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">Nitrogen fixation -process of converting nitrogen gas into ammonia
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">Obligate aerobe -organism that requires a constant supply of oxygen in order to live
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">Obligate anaerobe -organism that cannot live in the prsence of oxygen
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">Photoautotroph -organism that uses energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water to carbon compounds
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">Photoheterotroph -organism that is photosynthetic but needs organic compounds as a carbon source
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">Prokaryote-unicellular organism lacking a nucleus
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">Spirillum -spiral or corkscrew-shaped prokaryote

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">﻿**__19-2 Virus__**

 * ====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">Bacteriophage -virus that infects bacteria ====
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">Capsid -outer protein coat of a virus
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">Lysogenic infection -process by which a virus embeds its DNA into the DNA of the host cell and is replicated along with the host cell's DNA
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">Lytic infection -process in which a virus enters a cell, makes a copy of itself, and causes the cell to burst
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">Prophage -the viral DNA that is embedded in the host cell's DNA
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">Retrovirus -virus that contains RNA as its genetic information
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">Virus﻿ -particle made up of nucleic, protein, and in some cases lipids that can replicate only by infecting living cells


 * __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">19-3 Diseases Caused by Bacteria amd Viruses __**
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">Antibiotic -compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">Pathogen -disease-causing agent
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">Prion -infectious particle made up of protein rather than RNA or DNA
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">Vaccine -a preparation of weakened or killed pathogens
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">Viroid -single-stranded RNA molecule that has no surrounding capsids

__**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">S <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">ummary of the Unit: **__

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;"> This chapter covers three main topics: bacteria, viruses, and infectious diseases. After we completed our project, we reflected on what we learned about each of the topics. Lyndsey learned that bacteria has a lot to do with the way we live in terms of food, beverages, mining minerals, etc. Jake learned that viruses cannot be treated by antibiotics, but by vaccinations. Jeff learned that there are three ways infectious diseases can be spread: food-borne, person-to-person, and air-borne.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">You can follow this link (that we used for each of the topics) to the on-line textbook to learn more information about Microbiology:

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 80%;">http://www.pearsonsuccessnet.com/snpapp/iText/BrowseITEXTServlet?eventType=openIEXT&ISBN=0-13-181118-5&ISBNUrl=%2FiText%2Fproducts%2F0-13-181118-5%2Findex.html&ITEXTOID=0-13-181118-5&EnrollmentOID=8CEB867A7726C022E040A00A9F0E6DF4&DisplayTitle=Prentice+Hall+Biology+©2006&TitleInFrame=Y&classPeriodOid=dc <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 80%; line-height: 25px;">4d88ac81fb4b2294fcf665990241e5&isbnUrlIsJavascript=false