UNIT+1-+CHEM+&+BIOCHEM

=Chemistry-Biochemistry= __**Unit objectives:**__
 * atoms
 * elements and isotopes
 * chemical isotopes
 * chemical compounds
 * chemical bonds
 * solutions and suspensions
 * acids, bases, and pH
 * organic compounds
 * chemical reactions

Summary:Our unit is about the elements of life. This unit is about teaching about what bonds make up our body and what they do to help us. Also, were going to teach about what elements and what atoms are around us and in us.Also, in this unit, there is information about what chemicals are essential for life.

glossary of unit terms:
 * 1) __acid__: compound that forms hydrogen ions in solution
 * 2) __activation energy:__ chemists term to call energy that is needed to get a reaction started
 * 3) __adhesion__: an attraction between molecules of the same substance
 * 4) __amino acid__: compound with an amino group (-NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end
 * 5) __atom__: basic unit of matter
 * 6) __base__: compound that produces hydroxide ions in solution
 * 7) __buffer__: weak acid or base that can react with strong acids or bases to help prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH
 * 8) __carbohydrate__: compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body
 * 9) __catalyst:__ a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
 * 10) __chemical reaction:__ process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another
 * 11) __cohesion__: an attraction between molecules of the same substance
 * 12) __compound__: substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions
 * 13) __covalent bond__: bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms
 * 14) __deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)__: nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose
 * 15) __electron__: negatively charged particle; located outside the atomic nucleus
 * 16) __element__: substance consisting entirely of one type of atom
 * 17) __enzyme:__ proteins that act as biological catalysts
 * 18) __ion__: atom that has a positive or negative charge
 * 19) __ionic bond__: bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
 * 20) __isotope__: atom of an element that has a number of neutrons different from that of other atoms of the same element
 * 21) __lipid__: macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes
 * 22) __nucleus__: the center of the atom which contains the protons and neutrons; in cells, structure that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activties
 * 23) __mixture__: a material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined
 * 24) __molecule__: smallest unit of most compounds
 * 25) __monomer__: small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers
 * 26) __monosaccharide__: single sugar molecule
 * 27) __nucleic acid__: macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
 * 28) __nucleotide__: monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
 * 29) __pH scale__: measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution; ranges from 0 to 14
 * 30) __polymer__: large compound formed from combinations of many monomers
 * 31) __polysaccharide__: large macromolecule formed from monosaccharides
 * 32) __product:__ elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction
 * 33) __protein__: macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair and to make up enzymes
 * 34) __reactant:__ elements or compunds that enter into a chemical reaction
 * 35) __ribonucleic acid (RNA)__: single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose
 * 36) __solute__: substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution
 * 37) __solution__: mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of the substance are evenly distributed
 * 38) __solvent__: substance in which a solute is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution
 * 39) __substrate:__ reactants of enzyme
 * 40) __suspension__: mixture of water and nondissolved materials
 * 41) __van der Waals forces__: a slight attraction that develops between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules